Stephanie Chee-Yee Tjen-A-Looi
Project Scientist
College of Health Sciences
College of Health Sciences
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1994, Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences/Physiology
M.S., University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1991, Veterinary Science
B.S., University of California, Davis, 1987, Nutrition Science
M.S., University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1991, Veterinary Science
B.S., University of California, Davis, 1987, Nutrition Science
University of California, Irvine
820 Health Sciences
856 Health Sciences Road
Mail Code: 4075
Irvine, CA 92697
820 Health Sciences
856 Health Sciences Road
Mail Code: 4075
Irvine, CA 92697
Research Interests
Cardiovascular regulation, Neurophysiology, Acupuncture, Autonomic nervous system
Academic Distinctions
Awards and Honors:
2023 UCI, Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute Pilot Program award.
2022 UCI, Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute Pilot Program award.
2011 Poster Award, International Scientific Acupuncture and Meridian Symposium.
2002 Sigma XI COM most innovative topic poster award.
1998 - 1999 Faculty Career Advancement, University of California, Irvine.
1994 - 1998 Post-doctoral NIH Fellowship Award.
1994 Proctor and Gamble Graduate Student Award, American Physiology Society.
1993 Department of Health and Biomedical Science Student Award.
1991 - 1994 Research and Teaching assistantships,
Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
1989 - 1991 Research and Teaching assistantships,
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
2023 UCI, Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute Pilot Program award.
2022 UCI, Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute Pilot Program award.
2011 Poster Award, International Scientific Acupuncture and Meridian Symposium.
2002 Sigma XI COM most innovative topic poster award.
1998 - 1999 Faculty Career Advancement, University of California, Irvine.
1994 - 1998 Post-doctoral NIH Fellowship Award.
1994 Proctor and Gamble Graduate Student Award, American Physiology Society.
1993 Department of Health and Biomedical Science Student Award.
1991 - 1994 Research and Teaching assistantships,
Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
1989 - 1991 Research and Teaching assistantships,
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Research Abstract
Research Abstract
My studies investigating sensory and central mechanisms and the consequent cardiovascular autonomic responses have led to present investigations. Recent studies aim to elucidate the sympathetic and parasympathetic and neurochemical changes within the autonomic nervous system occurring with electroacupuncture therapy. The wider impact of my research agenda incorporates aging affected by chronic diseases and how acupuncture therapy could participate in reducing morbidity and mortality. Acupuncture influences the specific physiological systems such as the autonomic nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, vascular inflammatory and neuroinflammatory systems by restoring/minimizing the aberrant pathophysiological conditions such as hypertension and others.
Investigations:
My earlier studies address the alveolar hypoxia induced activation of neuroendocrine bodies located in the pulmonary system. These sensory neurons are important in accessing the physiological environment such as low oxygen. Activation of these neuronal cells subsequently involves intrapulmonary neuropeptides that influence the pulmonary vasculature (vascular remodelling) leading to elevated pressure in the lung.
Another focus of my investigation includes the sensory mechanisms underlying the activation of visceral afferents leading to increases in systemic blood pressure. Electrophysiological and pharmacological studies evaluate the discharge rate of single unit cardiac afferent elucidating mechanisms underlying cardiac sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular reflex responses during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
Recent Research Focusing on Integrative Health: The earlier research efforts have been uniquely instrumental to extend my research on the integration of somatosensory afferents (electro-acupuncture), sympathoexcitatory visceral afferent, and their convergence to supraspinal regions. The central processing of electroacupuncture input alters the cardiovascular responses through several autonomic cardiovascular brain regions. This form of somatic nerve stimulation influences peripheral afferent endings, neuronal pathways, neurotransmitter systems, and expression of proteins leading to sympathoinhibition. The translational investigations suggest that acupuncture may be effective for reducing transients and sustained high blood pressure and sympathetic activity.
My studies investigating sensory and central mechanisms and the consequent cardiovascular autonomic responses have led to present investigations. Recent studies aim to elucidate the sympathetic and parasympathetic and neurochemical changes within the autonomic nervous system occurring with electroacupuncture therapy. The wider impact of my research agenda incorporates aging affected by chronic diseases and how acupuncture therapy could participate in reducing morbidity and mortality. Acupuncture influences the specific physiological systems such as the autonomic nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, vascular inflammatory and neuroinflammatory systems by restoring/minimizing the aberrant pathophysiological conditions such as hypertension and others.
Investigations:
My earlier studies address the alveolar hypoxia induced activation of neuroendocrine bodies located in the pulmonary system. These sensory neurons are important in accessing the physiological environment such as low oxygen. Activation of these neuronal cells subsequently involves intrapulmonary neuropeptides that influence the pulmonary vasculature (vascular remodelling) leading to elevated pressure in the lung.
Another focus of my investigation includes the sensory mechanisms underlying the activation of visceral afferents leading to increases in systemic blood pressure. Electrophysiological and pharmacological studies evaluate the discharge rate of single unit cardiac afferent elucidating mechanisms underlying cardiac sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular reflex responses during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
Recent Research Focusing on Integrative Health: The earlier research efforts have been uniquely instrumental to extend my research on the integration of somatosensory afferents (electro-acupuncture), sympathoexcitatory visceral afferent, and their convergence to supraspinal regions. The central processing of electroacupuncture input alters the cardiovascular responses through several autonomic cardiovascular brain regions. This form of somatic nerve stimulation influences peripheral afferent endings, neuronal pathways, neurotransmitter systems, and expression of proteins leading to sympathoinhibition. The translational investigations suggest that acupuncture may be effective for reducing transients and sustained high blood pressure and sympathetic activity.
Awards and Honors
Principle Investigator (MPI and PI):
2021 - 2026 NCCIH, AT011306 (MPI) - Neuroimmune mechanisms underlying electroacupuncture effect on vascular function.
2019 - 2024 A. Coors Foundation (co-PI) - Comparative Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture for Hypertension.
2016 - 2019 A. Coors Foundation (PI) - Electroacupuncture and menopausal hypertension.
2012 - 2017 NIH, HL-72125 (co-PI) - Neural Substrate of EA in Cardiovascular Control.
1998 - 1999 University of California, Irvine (PI) - Faculty Career Development Award.
Co-Investigator:
2016 - 2021 NCCIH, AT-009347-01A1 - CNS Autonomic Regulation by Electroacupuncture.
2000 - 2013 NHLBI, HL-63313 - CNS Autonomic Regulation by Electroacupuncture.
2003 - 2012 NHLBI, HL-72125 - Neural Substrate of EA in Cardiovascular Control.
Member of the advisory committee
2023-2028 NCCIH, 1U24AT012560-01 – Topological Atlas and Repository for Acupoint Research (TARA)
2021 - 2026 NCCIH, AT011306 (MPI) - Neuroimmune mechanisms underlying electroacupuncture effect on vascular function.
2019 - 2024 A. Coors Foundation (co-PI) - Comparative Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture for Hypertension.
2016 - 2019 A. Coors Foundation (PI) - Electroacupuncture and menopausal hypertension.
2012 - 2017 NIH, HL-72125 (co-PI) - Neural Substrate of EA in Cardiovascular Control.
1998 - 1999 University of California, Irvine (PI) - Faculty Career Development Award.
Co-Investigator:
2016 - 2021 NCCIH, AT-009347-01A1 - CNS Autonomic Regulation by Electroacupuncture.
2000 - 2013 NHLBI, HL-63313 - CNS Autonomic Regulation by Electroacupuncture.
2003 - 2012 NHLBI, HL-72125 - Neural Substrate of EA in Cardiovascular Control.
Member of the advisory committee
2023-2028 NCCIH, 1U24AT012560-01 – Topological Atlas and Repository for Acupoint Research (TARA)
Publications
1. 1992 Tjen-A-Looi, S., Lippton, H., Cary, J., Keith, I. M.: CGRP and Somatostatin modulate chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. American Journal of Physiology, 263:H681-H690. PMID 1357980
2. 1996 Tjen-A-Looi, S., Ekman, R., Osborn, J., Keith, I.: Pulmonary vascular effects by Endothelin-1 in normoxia and chronic hypoxia: a longitudinal study. American Journal of Physiology, 271:H2246-H2253.
3. 1997 Tjen-A-Looi, S., Bonham, A., Longhurst, J.: Interactions between cardiac sympathetic and cardiac vagal afferents in the nucleus tractus solitarius. American Journal of Physiology, 272:H2843-H2851.
4. 1998 Tjen-A-Looi, S., Kraiczi, H., Ekman, R., Keith, I. M.: Sensory CGRP depletion by capsaicin exacerbates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Regulatory Peptides 74:1-10.
5. 1998 Tjen-A-Looi, S., Pan, H-L., Longhurst, J.: Endogenous bradykinin activates ischemically sensitive cardiac visceral afferents through kinin B2-receptors. Journal of Physiology 510.2:633-641.
6. 1999 Chao, D. M., Shen, L. L., Tjen-A-Looi, S., Pitsillides, K. F., Li, P., Longhurst, J.C.: Naloxone reverses inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on sympathetic cardiovascular reflex responses. American Journal of Physiology 267:H2127-H2134.
7. 2000 Keith, IM., Tjen-A-Looi, S., Kraiczi, H., Ekman, K.: Three-week neonatal hypoxia reduces blood CGRP and causes persistent pulmonary hypertension rats. American Journal of Physiology 279:H1571-H1578.
8. 2001 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S., Longhurst, J.: Rostral ventrolateral medullary opioid receptor subtypes in the inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on reflex autonomic response in cats. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 89:38-47.
9. 2001 Tjen-A-Looi, S., Phan, N., Longhurst, J.C.: Nitric oxide modulates sympathoexcitatory cardiac-cardiovascular reflexes elicited by bradykinin. American Journal of Physiology 281:H2010-H2017.
10. 2002 Gee, B. Y., Tjen-A-Looi, S., Hill, J., Chadal, P., Longhurst, J.: Role of spinal NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in the pressor reflex response to abdominal ischemia. American Journal of Physiology 282:R850-R857.
11. 2002 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L-W., Longhurst, J.C.: Xanthine oxidase, but not neutrophils, contributes to activation of cardiac sympathetic afferents during myocardial ischemia in cats. Journal of Physiology 543.1:327-336.
12. 2002 Li, P., Rowshan, K., Crisostomo, M., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Effect of electroacupuncture on pressor reflex during gastric distention in rats. American Journal of Physiology 283:R1335-R1345.
13. 2003 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P., Longhurst, J.C.: Prolonged Inhibition of Rostral Ventral Lateral Medullary Premotor Sympathetic Neurons by Electroacupuncture. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 453(2):119-131.
14. 2004 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P., Longhurst, J.C.: Medullary substrate and differential cardiovascular response during stimulation of specific acupoints. American Journal of Physiology 287:R852-R862.
15. 2005 Zhou, W., Fu, L., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P., Longhurst, J.C.: Afferent Mechanisms Underlying Stimulation Modality-Related Modulation of Acupuncture-Related Cardiovascular Responses. J Applied Physiol 98(3):872-880.
16. 2005 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L-W, Zhou, W. (Yi, S.), Longhurst, J.C.: Role of Unmyelinated Fibers in Electroacupuncture-Cardiovascular Responses. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical. 118:43-50.
17. 2005 Crisostomo, M. M., Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Nociceptin in rVLM Mediates Electroacupuncture Inhibition of Cardiovascular Reflex Excitatory Response in Rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 98:2056-2063.
18. 2005 Zhou, W., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Brain Stem Mechanisms Underlying Acupuncture Modality-Related Modulation of Cardiovascular in rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 99(3):851-60
19. 2006 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Excitatory projections from arcuate nucleus to ventrolateral to periaqueductal gray in electroacupuncture inhibition of cardiovascular reflexes. American Journal of Physiology, Heart and Circulatory Physiology 209:H2523-H2542.
20. 2006 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P. and Longhurst, J.C.: Midbrain vlPAG inhibits rVLM in cardiovascular sympathoexcitatory responses during electroacupuncture. American Journal of Physiology, Heart and Circulatory Physiology 209:H2543-H2553.
21. 2006 Zhou, W., Fu, L-W, Tjen-A-Looi S. C., Guo, Z-L, Longhurst J.C.: Role of Glutamate in a Visceral Sympathoexcitatory Reflex in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Cats. American Journal of Physiology, Heart and Circulatory Physiology 291(3):H1309- H1318.
22. 2007 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P. and Longhurst, J.C.: Role of Medullary GABA, Opioids and Nociceptin in Prolonged Inhibition of Cardiovascular Sympathoexcitatory Reflexes during Electroacupuncture in Cats. American Journal of Physiology 293: H3627-H3635.
23. 2008 Guo, Z-L., Moazzami, A., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Responses of opioid and serotonin containing medullary raphe neurons to electroacupuncture. Brain Research, 1229:125-36.
24. 2009 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Zhi-Ling, Fu, Liang-Wu, Longhurst, J.C.: Long-Loop Pathways in Cardiovascular Electroacupuncture Responses. Journal of Applied Physiology 106(2):620-30.
25. 2009 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P., Longhurst, J.C.: Processing Cardiovascular Information in the vlPAG during Electroacupuncture in Rats: Roles of Endocannabinoids and GABA. Journal of Applied Physiology 106(6):1793-9.
26. 2009 Guo, Z-L., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L-W., Longhurst, J.C.: Nitric oxide in rostral ventrolateral medulla regulates cardiac-sympathetic responses: role of synthase isoforms. American Journal of Physiology, 297(4):H1478-86.
27. 2010 Moazzami, A., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C.*, Guo, Z. L., Longhurst, J.C.: Serotonergic projection from nucleus raphe pallidus to rostral ventrolateral medulla modulates cardiovascular reflex responses during acupuncture. J Applied Physiology 108: 1336-1346. *Share first authorship.
28. 2010 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: The Arcuate-Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray Reciprocal Circuit in Electroacupuncture Cardiovascular Inhibition. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 158:13-23.
29. 2010 Li, M., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Electroacupuncture enhances preproenkephalin mRNA expression in rostral ventrolateral medulla of rats. Neurosci. Lett. 477: 61-65.
30. 2010 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Nucleus Raphé Pallidus participates in midbrain-medullary cardiovascular sympathoinhibition during electroacupuncture. American Journal of Physiology 299:R1369-R1376.
31. 2011 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Hsiao, A. Longhurst, J.C.: Central and Peripheral Mechanisms Underlying Gastric Distention Inhibitory Reflex Responses in Hypercapnic Acidotic Rats. American Journal of Physiology 300:H1003-H1012.
32. 2012 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P., Li, M., Longhurst, J.C.: Modulation of Cardiopulmonary Depressor Reflex in Nucleus Ambiguus by Electroacupuncture: Roles of Opioids and Gamma Aminobutyric Acid. American Journal of Physiology 302(7):R833-R844.
33. 2012 Dow, J., Painovich, J., Hale, S., Longhurst, J.C., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C, Kloner, R. A.: Absence of Actions of Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicines and Electroacupuncture on Myocardial Infarct Size. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 17(4):403-11.
34. 2012 Li, M., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Z. L., Longhurst, J.C.: Repetitive Electroacupuncture Causes Prolonged Increased Met-enkephalin Expression in the rVLM of Conscious Rats. Brain Research 170: 30-35.
35. 2013 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Z., Li, M., Longhurst, J.C.: Medullary GABAergic Mechanisms Contribute to Electroacupuncture Modulation of Cardiovascular Depressor Responses during Gastric Distension in Rats. American Journal of Physiology 304: R321–R332. PMID: 23302958.
36. 2013 Li, M., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Z. L., Longhurst, J.C.: Electroacupuncture Modulation of Reflex Hypertension in Rats: Role of Cholecystokinin Octapeptide. American Journal of Physiology 305:R404-413. PMID: 23785073.
Summarized by World Biomedical Frontiers ISSN: 2328-0166.
37. 2014 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Z., Longhurst, J.C.: GABA in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Participates in Electroacupuncture Modulation of Cardiopulmonary Bradycardia Reflex. American Journal of Physiology 307:R1313-1323.
38. 2015 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Cheng, L., Liu, D., Painovich, J., Vinjamury, S., Longhurst, J.C.: Long-lasting reduction of blood pressure by electroacupuncture in patients with hypertension: randomized controlled trial. Medical Acupuncture 27, 4:253-266. DOI: 10.1089/acu.2015.1106.
39. 2016 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Z., Fu, L., Longhurst, J.C.: Paraventricular Nucleus Modulates Excitatory Cardiovascular Reflexes during Electroacupuncture. Sci. Rep. 16: 6, 25910; doi: 10.1038/srep25910 (2016).
40. 2016 Guo, Z., Longhurst, J.C., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L: elPBN neurons regulate rVLM activity through elPBN-rVLM projections during activation of cardiac sympathetic afferent nerves. American Journal of Physiology 311(2): R410-R425.
41. 2016 Li, M., S. C. Tjen-A-Looi, Z. Guo, J.C. Longhurst: Repetitive electroacupuncture attenuates cold-induced hypertension through enkephalin in the rostral ventral lateral medulla. Sci. Rep. 16:6:35791. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19672-9.
42. 2018 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L., Guo, Z., Longhurst, J.C.: Modulation of neurally mediated vasodepression and bradycardia by electroacupuncture through opioids in nucleus tractus solitarius. Sci. Rep. 8 (1): 1900, DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-19672-9
43. 2018 Guo, Z., Fu, L., Su, H. F., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Role of TRPV1 in acupuncture modulation of reflex excitatory cardiovascular responses. American Journal of Physiology. 314(5): R655-R666.
44. 2019 Cheng, L., Li, P., Patel, Y., Gong, Y., Guo, Z-L., Wu, H., Malik, S., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Moxibustion modulates sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular reflex responses through paraventricular nucleus. Front. Neuroscience 12.1057. DOI:10.3389/fnins.2018.01057 (retracted)
45. 2019 Fu, L., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Barvarz, S., Guo, Z-L., Malik, S.: Role of opioid receptors in modulation of P2X receptors-mediated cardiac sympathoexcitatory reflex response. Sci. Rep. 9:17224. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53754-6
46. 2022 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L., Guo, Z., Gong, Y., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, A-T., Malik, S.: Neurogenic Hypotension and Bradycardia Modulated by Electroacupuncture in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 16: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.934752
47. 2023 Fu, L-W., Gong, Y.D., Nguyen, A.T., Guo, Z-L., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.*, Malik, S.*: Sympathoinhibitory electroacupuncture (EA) interacts positively with anti-inflammatory EA alleviating blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 10:1140255. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1140255
48. 2023 Guo, Z., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C., Nguyen, A.T., Fu, L-W., Su, H-F., Gong, Y.D., Malik, S.: Adenosine A2A receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla participate in blood pressure decreased with electroacupuncture in hypertensive rats. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 10.1275952. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1275952
2. 1996 Tjen-A-Looi, S., Ekman, R., Osborn, J., Keith, I.: Pulmonary vascular effects by Endothelin-1 in normoxia and chronic hypoxia: a longitudinal study. American Journal of Physiology, 271:H2246-H2253.
3. 1997 Tjen-A-Looi, S., Bonham, A., Longhurst, J.: Interactions between cardiac sympathetic and cardiac vagal afferents in the nucleus tractus solitarius. American Journal of Physiology, 272:H2843-H2851.
4. 1998 Tjen-A-Looi, S., Kraiczi, H., Ekman, R., Keith, I. M.: Sensory CGRP depletion by capsaicin exacerbates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Regulatory Peptides 74:1-10.
5. 1998 Tjen-A-Looi, S., Pan, H-L., Longhurst, J.: Endogenous bradykinin activates ischemically sensitive cardiac visceral afferents through kinin B2-receptors. Journal of Physiology 510.2:633-641.
6. 1999 Chao, D. M., Shen, L. L., Tjen-A-Looi, S., Pitsillides, K. F., Li, P., Longhurst, J.C.: Naloxone reverses inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on sympathetic cardiovascular reflex responses. American Journal of Physiology 267:H2127-H2134.
7. 2000 Keith, IM., Tjen-A-Looi, S., Kraiczi, H., Ekman, K.: Three-week neonatal hypoxia reduces blood CGRP and causes persistent pulmonary hypertension rats. American Journal of Physiology 279:H1571-H1578.
8. 2001 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S., Longhurst, J.: Rostral ventrolateral medullary opioid receptor subtypes in the inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on reflex autonomic response in cats. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 89:38-47.
9. 2001 Tjen-A-Looi, S., Phan, N., Longhurst, J.C.: Nitric oxide modulates sympathoexcitatory cardiac-cardiovascular reflexes elicited by bradykinin. American Journal of Physiology 281:H2010-H2017.
10. 2002 Gee, B. Y., Tjen-A-Looi, S., Hill, J., Chadal, P., Longhurst, J.: Role of spinal NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in the pressor reflex response to abdominal ischemia. American Journal of Physiology 282:R850-R857.
11. 2002 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L-W., Longhurst, J.C.: Xanthine oxidase, but not neutrophils, contributes to activation of cardiac sympathetic afferents during myocardial ischemia in cats. Journal of Physiology 543.1:327-336.
12. 2002 Li, P., Rowshan, K., Crisostomo, M., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Effect of electroacupuncture on pressor reflex during gastric distention in rats. American Journal of Physiology 283:R1335-R1345.
13. 2003 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P., Longhurst, J.C.: Prolonged Inhibition of Rostral Ventral Lateral Medullary Premotor Sympathetic Neurons by Electroacupuncture. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 453(2):119-131.
14. 2004 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P., Longhurst, J.C.: Medullary substrate and differential cardiovascular response during stimulation of specific acupoints. American Journal of Physiology 287:R852-R862.
15. 2005 Zhou, W., Fu, L., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P., Longhurst, J.C.: Afferent Mechanisms Underlying Stimulation Modality-Related Modulation of Acupuncture-Related Cardiovascular Responses. J Applied Physiol 98(3):872-880.
16. 2005 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L-W, Zhou, W. (Yi, S.), Longhurst, J.C.: Role of Unmyelinated Fibers in Electroacupuncture-Cardiovascular Responses. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical. 118:43-50.
17. 2005 Crisostomo, M. M., Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Nociceptin in rVLM Mediates Electroacupuncture Inhibition of Cardiovascular Reflex Excitatory Response in Rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 98:2056-2063.
18. 2005 Zhou, W., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Brain Stem Mechanisms Underlying Acupuncture Modality-Related Modulation of Cardiovascular in rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 99(3):851-60
19. 2006 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Excitatory projections from arcuate nucleus to ventrolateral to periaqueductal gray in electroacupuncture inhibition of cardiovascular reflexes. American Journal of Physiology, Heart and Circulatory Physiology 209:H2523-H2542.
20. 2006 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P. and Longhurst, J.C.: Midbrain vlPAG inhibits rVLM in cardiovascular sympathoexcitatory responses during electroacupuncture. American Journal of Physiology, Heart and Circulatory Physiology 209:H2543-H2553.
21. 2006 Zhou, W., Fu, L-W, Tjen-A-Looi S. C., Guo, Z-L, Longhurst J.C.: Role of Glutamate in a Visceral Sympathoexcitatory Reflex in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Cats. American Journal of Physiology, Heart and Circulatory Physiology 291(3):H1309- H1318.
22. 2007 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P. and Longhurst, J.C.: Role of Medullary GABA, Opioids and Nociceptin in Prolonged Inhibition of Cardiovascular Sympathoexcitatory Reflexes during Electroacupuncture in Cats. American Journal of Physiology 293: H3627-H3635.
23. 2008 Guo, Z-L., Moazzami, A., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Responses of opioid and serotonin containing medullary raphe neurons to electroacupuncture. Brain Research, 1229:125-36.
24. 2009 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Zhi-Ling, Fu, Liang-Wu, Longhurst, J.C.: Long-Loop Pathways in Cardiovascular Electroacupuncture Responses. Journal of Applied Physiology 106(2):620-30.
25. 2009 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P., Longhurst, J.C.: Processing Cardiovascular Information in the vlPAG during Electroacupuncture in Rats: Roles of Endocannabinoids and GABA. Journal of Applied Physiology 106(6):1793-9.
26. 2009 Guo, Z-L., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L-W., Longhurst, J.C.: Nitric oxide in rostral ventrolateral medulla regulates cardiac-sympathetic responses: role of synthase isoforms. American Journal of Physiology, 297(4):H1478-86.
27. 2010 Moazzami, A., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C.*, Guo, Z. L., Longhurst, J.C.: Serotonergic projection from nucleus raphe pallidus to rostral ventrolateral medulla modulates cardiovascular reflex responses during acupuncture. J Applied Physiology 108: 1336-1346. *Share first authorship.
28. 2010 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: The Arcuate-Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray Reciprocal Circuit in Electroacupuncture Cardiovascular Inhibition. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 158:13-23.
29. 2010 Li, M., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Electroacupuncture enhances preproenkephalin mRNA expression in rostral ventrolateral medulla of rats. Neurosci. Lett. 477: 61-65.
30. 2010 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Nucleus Raphé Pallidus participates in midbrain-medullary cardiovascular sympathoinhibition during electroacupuncture. American Journal of Physiology 299:R1369-R1376.
31. 2011 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Hsiao, A. Longhurst, J.C.: Central and Peripheral Mechanisms Underlying Gastric Distention Inhibitory Reflex Responses in Hypercapnic Acidotic Rats. American Journal of Physiology 300:H1003-H1012.
32. 2012 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Li, P., Li, M., Longhurst, J.C.: Modulation of Cardiopulmonary Depressor Reflex in Nucleus Ambiguus by Electroacupuncture: Roles of Opioids and Gamma Aminobutyric Acid. American Journal of Physiology 302(7):R833-R844.
33. 2012 Dow, J., Painovich, J., Hale, S., Longhurst, J.C., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C, Kloner, R. A.: Absence of Actions of Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicines and Electroacupuncture on Myocardial Infarct Size. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 17(4):403-11.
34. 2012 Li, M., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Z. L., Longhurst, J.C.: Repetitive Electroacupuncture Causes Prolonged Increased Met-enkephalin Expression in the rVLM of Conscious Rats. Brain Research 170: 30-35.
35. 2013 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Z., Li, M., Longhurst, J.C.: Medullary GABAergic Mechanisms Contribute to Electroacupuncture Modulation of Cardiovascular Depressor Responses during Gastric Distension in Rats. American Journal of Physiology 304: R321–R332. PMID: 23302958.
36. 2013 Li, M., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Z. L., Longhurst, J.C.: Electroacupuncture Modulation of Reflex Hypertension in Rats: Role of Cholecystokinin Octapeptide. American Journal of Physiology 305:R404-413. PMID: 23785073.
Summarized by World Biomedical Frontiers ISSN: 2328-0166.
37. 2014 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Z., Longhurst, J.C.: GABA in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Participates in Electroacupuncture Modulation of Cardiopulmonary Bradycardia Reflex. American Journal of Physiology 307:R1313-1323.
38. 2015 Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Cheng, L., Liu, D., Painovich, J., Vinjamury, S., Longhurst, J.C.: Long-lasting reduction of blood pressure by electroacupuncture in patients with hypertension: randomized controlled trial. Medical Acupuncture 27, 4:253-266. DOI: 10.1089/acu.2015.1106.
39. 2016 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Guo, Z., Fu, L., Longhurst, J.C.: Paraventricular Nucleus Modulates Excitatory Cardiovascular Reflexes during Electroacupuncture. Sci. Rep. 16: 6, 25910; doi: 10.1038/srep25910 (2016).
40. 2016 Guo, Z., Longhurst, J.C., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L: elPBN neurons regulate rVLM activity through elPBN-rVLM projections during activation of cardiac sympathetic afferent nerves. American Journal of Physiology 311(2): R410-R425.
41. 2016 Li, M., S. C. Tjen-A-Looi, Z. Guo, J.C. Longhurst: Repetitive electroacupuncture attenuates cold-induced hypertension through enkephalin in the rostral ventral lateral medulla. Sci. Rep. 16:6:35791. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19672-9.
42. 2018 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L., Guo, Z., Longhurst, J.C.: Modulation of neurally mediated vasodepression and bradycardia by electroacupuncture through opioids in nucleus tractus solitarius. Sci. Rep. 8 (1): 1900, DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-19672-9
43. 2018 Guo, Z., Fu, L., Su, H. F., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C.: Role of TRPV1 in acupuncture modulation of reflex excitatory cardiovascular responses. American Journal of Physiology. 314(5): R655-R666.
44. 2019 Cheng, L., Li, P., Patel, Y., Gong, Y., Guo, Z-L., Wu, H., Malik, S., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Moxibustion modulates sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular reflex responses through paraventricular nucleus. Front. Neuroscience 12.1057. DOI:10.3389/fnins.2018.01057 (retracted)
45. 2019 Fu, L., Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Barvarz, S., Guo, Z-L., Malik, S.: Role of opioid receptors in modulation of P2X receptors-mediated cardiac sympathoexcitatory reflex response. Sci. Rep. 9:17224. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53754-6
46. 2022 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L., Guo, Z., Gong, Y., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, A-T., Malik, S.: Neurogenic Hypotension and Bradycardia Modulated by Electroacupuncture in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 16: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.934752
47. 2023 Fu, L-W., Gong, Y.D., Nguyen, A.T., Guo, Z-L., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.*, Malik, S.*: Sympathoinhibitory electroacupuncture (EA) interacts positively with anti-inflammatory EA alleviating blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 10:1140255. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1140255
48. 2023 Guo, Z., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C., Nguyen, A.T., Fu, L-W., Su, H-F., Gong, Y.D., Malik, S.: Adenosine A2A receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla participate in blood pressure decreased with electroacupuncture in hypertensive rats. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 10.1275952. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1275952
Invited Chapters, Articles, and Commentaries:
1. 2001 Longhurst, J.C., Tjen-A-Looi, S., Fu, L-W.: Cardiac sympathetic afferent activation provoked by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion: Mechanisms and reflexes. Eds. M.P. Chapleau, F. Abboud. In: Neuro-Cardiovascular Regulation: From Molecule to Man. The New York Academy of Sciences 940:74-95. PMID:11458709
2. 2007 Longhurst, J.C. and Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Integrative Cardiology: Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Action of Acupuncture. Part 4: Mechanistic and Physiologic Links between CAM and the Cardiovascular System. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Action of Acupuncture. Eds. J.H.K. Vogel and M.W. Krucoff. In: Integrative Cardiology, chapter 19. Medical Publishing, McGraw-Hill. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-144337-1
3. 2012 Li P., Tjen-A-Looi S.C. and Longhurst J.C.: Acupuncture's Role in Cardiovascular Homeostasis. Eds. Y Xia, G. Ding, G. Wu. In: Current Research on Acupuncture, Chapter 15. New York: Springer 2012. ISBN: 978-1-4614-3356-9 Current Research in Acupuncture | SpringerLink
4. 2013 Li P. and Tjen-A-Looi S.C.: Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effect of Electroacupuncture on Experimental Arrhythmias. In: Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, review article. 6(2):69-81. PMID: 23591002
5. 2013 Longhurst, J.C. and Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Acupuncture Regulation of Blood Pressure: Two Decades of Research. In: International Review of Neurobiology: Neurobiology of Acupuncture, Vol 3, Chapter 13. Academic Press, Elsevier. PMID: 24215927
6. 2015 Yeung, W-F, Chung, K-F, Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C., Lao, L.: Acupuncture as a potential treatment for insomnia. In: Science 350 (6259 Supplement) S84-S85. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.350.6262.871-c
7. 2015 Cheng, L., Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C., Longhurst, J.C.: What do we understand from clinical and mechanistic studies on acupuncture treatment for hypertension? BioMed Central, Chinese Medicine 10:36. DOI:10.1186/s13020-015-0070-9
8. 2017 Longhurst, J.C., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C., Li, P.: Defining acupuncture’s place in Western medicine. http://www.scientia.global/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/John-Longhurst.pdf
9. 2017 Tjen-A-Looi, S.C. and Fu, L.W.: Sustained effects of acupuncture in treatment of chronic constipation. Ann Palliat Med 2017. DOI:10.21037/apm.2017.03.02
10. 2017 Longhurst, J.C. and Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Evidenced-based blood pressure reducing actions of electroacupuncture: Mechanisms and clinical application. Acta Physiologica Sinica (Sheng Li Xue Bao), 69(5): 587-597. PMCID:PMC6033058
11. 2017 Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Reduction of blood pressure by electroacupuncture in mild to moderate hypertensive patients: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Intensive and Critical Care. Vol. 3 No 1:2. DOI:10.21767/2471-8505.100061
12. 2018 Tjen-A-Looi, S.C. and Longhurst, C.A.: John C. Longhurst, MD, PhD (1947-2018): Pioneer in Acupuncture Hypertension Research. American Journal of Physiology, 314(6):H1153-H1154. DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00169.2018
13. 2018 Guo, Z-L., Fu, L-W., Su, H-F., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Reply to “Letter to the Editor: Acupuncture is not a unique explanation for reflex excitatory cardiovascular responses”. American Journal of Physiology, 315(5):R984-R985. DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00237.2018
14. 2019 Tjen-A-Looi S.C., Li P., Longhurst J.C., Malik S: Acupuncture Cardiovascular Regulation: Translational, Clinical Studies and Underlying Mechanisms. In: Xia Y. (eds) Translational Acupuncture Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16089-0_4
15. 2019 Li P., Tjen-A-Looi S.C., Longhurst J.C.: Electroacupuncture Inhibition of Hypertension is Slow Onset and Long-Lasting. In: Xia Y. (eds) Translational Acupuncture Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16089-0_5
16. 2022 Tjen-A-Looi S.C., Fu L-W., Nguyen A, T., Gong Y., Malik, S.: Autonomic Function and Electroacupuncture. In: Xia Y. (eds) Advanced Acupuncture Research: From bench to bedside, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96221-0_9 Book: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96221-0
17. 2023 Fu, L-W., Gong, Y.D.., Nguyen, A.T., Guo, Z-L., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.*, Malik, S.*: Sympathoinhibitory electroacupuncture (EA) interacts positively with anti-inflammatory EA alleviating blood pressure in hypertensive rats. In: Sabri, N.A. (ed.) Prime Archives in Cardiology. https://videleaf.com/product/prime-archives-in-cardiology/
18. 2023 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L., Guo, Z., Gong, Y., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, A-T., Malik, S.: Modulation of neuronal-mediated vasodepression and bradycardia by electroacupuncture through the paraventricular nucleus. In Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5. ttps://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nramms/v5/6438B
1. 2001 Longhurst, J.C., Tjen-A-Looi, S., Fu, L-W.: Cardiac sympathetic afferent activation provoked by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion: Mechanisms and reflexes. Eds. M.P. Chapleau, F. Abboud. In: Neuro-Cardiovascular Regulation: From Molecule to Man. The New York Academy of Sciences 940:74-95. PMID:11458709
2. 2007 Longhurst, J.C. and Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Integrative Cardiology: Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Action of Acupuncture. Part 4: Mechanistic and Physiologic Links between CAM and the Cardiovascular System. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Action of Acupuncture. Eds. J.H.K. Vogel and M.W. Krucoff. In: Integrative Cardiology, chapter 19. Medical Publishing, McGraw-Hill. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-144337-1
3. 2012 Li P., Tjen-A-Looi S.C. and Longhurst J.C.: Acupuncture's Role in Cardiovascular Homeostasis. Eds. Y Xia, G. Ding, G. Wu. In: Current Research on Acupuncture, Chapter 15. New York: Springer 2012. ISBN: 978-1-4614-3356-9 Current Research in Acupuncture | SpringerLink
4. 2013 Li P. and Tjen-A-Looi S.C.: Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effect of Electroacupuncture on Experimental Arrhythmias. In: Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, review article. 6(2):69-81. PMID: 23591002
5. 2013 Longhurst, J.C. and Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Acupuncture Regulation of Blood Pressure: Two Decades of Research. In: International Review of Neurobiology: Neurobiology of Acupuncture, Vol 3, Chapter 13. Academic Press, Elsevier. PMID: 24215927
6. 2015 Yeung, W-F, Chung, K-F, Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Longhurst, J.C., Lao, L.: Acupuncture as a potential treatment for insomnia. In: Science 350 (6259 Supplement) S84-S85. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.350.6262.871-c
7. 2015 Cheng, L., Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C., Longhurst, J.C.: What do we understand from clinical and mechanistic studies on acupuncture treatment for hypertension? BioMed Central, Chinese Medicine 10:36. DOI:10.1186/s13020-015-0070-9
8. 2017 Longhurst, J.C., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C., Li, P.: Defining acupuncture’s place in Western medicine. http://www.scientia.global/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/John-Longhurst.pdf
9. 2017 Tjen-A-Looi, S.C. and Fu, L.W.: Sustained effects of acupuncture in treatment of chronic constipation. Ann Palliat Med 2017. DOI:10.21037/apm.2017.03.02
10. 2017 Longhurst, J.C. and Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Evidenced-based blood pressure reducing actions of electroacupuncture: Mechanisms and clinical application. Acta Physiologica Sinica (Sheng Li Xue Bao), 69(5): 587-597. PMCID:PMC6033058
11. 2017 Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Reduction of blood pressure by electroacupuncture in mild to moderate hypertensive patients: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Intensive and Critical Care. Vol. 3 No 1:2. DOI:10.21767/2471-8505.100061
12. 2018 Tjen-A-Looi, S.C. and Longhurst, C.A.: John C. Longhurst, MD, PhD (1947-2018): Pioneer in Acupuncture Hypertension Research. American Journal of Physiology, 314(6):H1153-H1154. DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00169.2018
13. 2018 Guo, Z-L., Fu, L-W., Su, H-F., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.: Reply to “Letter to the Editor: Acupuncture is not a unique explanation for reflex excitatory cardiovascular responses”. American Journal of Physiology, 315(5):R984-R985. DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00237.2018
14. 2019 Tjen-A-Looi S.C., Li P., Longhurst J.C., Malik S: Acupuncture Cardiovascular Regulation: Translational, Clinical Studies and Underlying Mechanisms. In: Xia Y. (eds) Translational Acupuncture Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16089-0_4
15. 2019 Li P., Tjen-A-Looi S.C., Longhurst J.C.: Electroacupuncture Inhibition of Hypertension is Slow Onset and Long-Lasting. In: Xia Y. (eds) Translational Acupuncture Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16089-0_5
16. 2022 Tjen-A-Looi S.C., Fu L-W., Nguyen A, T., Gong Y., Malik, S.: Autonomic Function and Electroacupuncture. In: Xia Y. (eds) Advanced Acupuncture Research: From bench to bedside, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96221-0_9 Book: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96221-0
17. 2023 Fu, L-W., Gong, Y.D.., Nguyen, A.T., Guo, Z-L., Tjen-A-Looi, S.C.*, Malik, S.*: Sympathoinhibitory electroacupuncture (EA) interacts positively with anti-inflammatory EA alleviating blood pressure in hypertensive rats. In: Sabri, N.A. (ed.) Prime Archives in Cardiology. https://videleaf.com/product/prime-archives-in-cardiology/
18. 2023 Tjen-A-Looi, S. C., Fu, L., Guo, Z., Gong, Y., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, A-T., Malik, S.: Modulation of neuronal-mediated vasodepression and bradycardia by electroacupuncture through the paraventricular nucleus. In Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5. ttps://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nramms/v5/6438B
Grants
MPI, Co-PI, and co-investigator on NIH and ADF grants
Professional Societies
American Physiological Society
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Society for Neuroscience
American Autonomic Society
Other Experience
Graduate Programs
Comparative Physiology
Research Centers
Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute
Link to this profile
https://faculty.uci.edu/profile/?facultyId=5153
https://faculty.uci.edu/profile/?facultyId=5153
Last updated
02/12/2024
02/12/2024