Bradford A. Hawkins

Picture of Bradford A. Hawkins
Professor, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
School of Biological Sciences
Ph.D., University of California Riverside, 1984, Entomology
Phone: (949) 824-5384
Fax: (949) 824-2181
Email: bhawkins@uci.edu
University of California, Irvine
455 Steinhaus Hall
Irvine, CA 92697
Research Interests
Biogeography, macroecology, diversity gradients
Academic Distinctions
Honorary Bingzhi Forum Professorship for 2011, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow, 2012
Thompson Reuters Highly Cited Researcher, 2014, 2015
Research Abstract
My primary research question is, why are species distributed non-randomly in the environment; that is, why do diversity gradients exist? This is a complicated question and requires the integration of a wide range of disciplines. One thing that is clear is that scale matters; explanations for diversity gradients at one scale cannot be applied to other scales. Until recently my major focus has on larger scales, ranging from sub-continental to global patterns. Here the single most important problem is working out how effects operating in ecological time and effects operating in evolutionary time are linked. We are pursuing this link by focusing on the relationship between current climate and historical patterns of climate change. Given that we are moving into a period of rapid global climate change, it is critical that we understand what aspects of climate drive diversity, and how organisms will respond when these variables change in time. In fact, I think we already have a descriptive answer to this question, at least at the global scale. Sorting out the mechanism(s) underlying the empirical relationships between diversity and climate, on the other hand, is a bit more of a challenge, and an emphasis of my research is to identify the most likely mechanisms that explain how climate operates on diversity both now and in the past. This requires information about both contemporary and paleo-climates. It has also become clear that a complete understanding of diversity gradients requires explicit evolutionary data, so another component of my research program is incorporating phylogenetic data into analyses of species richness.

I have recently begun to move into the field of community phylogenetics, with a particular interest in the influences of biogeographic processes on local-scale patterns. In this work the focus is not so much on species richness but on the role of evolutionary history on contemporary community composition and interactions between species' traits and environment.
Publications
Hawkins, B. A. & J. A. F. Diniz-Filho. 2008. Macroecology. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK. http://www.els.net/ [DOI:10.1002/9780470015902.a0003273.pub2].
Books:

Hawkins, B. A. 1994. Pattern and Process in Host-Parasitoid Interactions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [reprinted in paperback 2005].

Hawkins, B. A. & W. Sheehan (Eds). 1994. Parasitoid Community Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Hawkins, B. A. & H. V. Cornell (Eds). 1999. Theoretical Approaches to Biological Control. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [reprinted in paperback 2008].

Tscharntke, T. & B. A. Hawkins (Eds). 2002. Multitrophic Level Interactions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [reprinted in paperback 2008].


Book/Symposium/Online Chapters:

Goeden, R. D., D. W. Ricker & B. A. Hawkins. 1985. Ethological and genetic differences among three biotypes of Rhinocyllus conicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) introduced into North America for the biological control of asteraceous thistles. Proceedings of the VI International Symposium for the Biological Control of Weeds, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 181-189.

Hawkins, B. A. & J. H. Lawton. 1988. Species richness patterns: why do some insects have more parasitoids than others? In: Parasitoid Insects, eds M. Bouletreau & G. Bonnot, pp. 131-136. Les Colloques l'INRA, No. 48, Paris.

Hawkins, B. A. 1993. Refuges, host population dynamics and the genesis of parasitoid diversity. In: Hymenoptera and Biodiversity, eds J. LaSalle. & I. D. Gauld, pp. 235-256. CAB International Press, Wallingford.

Hawkins, B. A. & W. Sheehan. 1994. Introduction. In Parasitoid Community Ecology, eds B. A. Hawkins & W. Sheehan, pp. 1-15. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Cornell, H. V. & B. A. Hawkins. 1994. Patterns of parasitoid accumulation on introduced herbivores. In: Parasitoid Community Ecology, eds B. A. Hawkins & W. Sheehan, pp. 77-89. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Hochberg, M. E. & B. A. Hawkins. 1994. The implications of population dynamics theory to parasitoid diversity and biological control. In: Parasitoid Community Ecology, eds B. A. Hawkins & W. Sheehan, pp. 451-471. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Swift, M. J., J. Vandermeer, P. S. Ramakrishnan, C. K. Ong, J. M. Anderson & B. A. Hawkins. 1995. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: ecosystems analyses. 6.2.8. Agroecosystems. In: Global Biodiversity Assessment, eds V. H. Heywood & R. T. Watson, pp. 443-446. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Clobert, J., C. Gliddon, B. A. Hawkins & M. E. Hochberg. 1996. Ecology: from populations to communities to ecosystems: Overview. In: Aspects of the Genesis and Maintenance of Biological Diversity, eds M. E. Hochberg, J. Clobert & R. Barbault, pp. 99-103. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Swift, M. J., J. Vandermeer, P. S. Ramakrishnan, J. M. Anderson, C. K. Ong & B. A. Hawkins. 1996. Biodiversity and agroecosystem function. In: Functional Roles of Biodiversity: A Global Perspective, eds H. A. Mooney, J. H. Cushman, E. Medina, O. E. Sala & E.-D. Schulze, pp. 261-298. John Wiley & Sons, N.Y.

Hawkins, B. A. 2000. Species coexistence in parasitoid communities: does competition matter? In: Parasitoid Population Biology, eds M. E. Hochberg & A. R. Ives, pp. 198-213. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Tscharntke, T. & B. A. Hawkins. 2002. Multitrophic level interactions – an introduction. In: Multitrophic Level Interactions, eds T. Tscharntke & B. A. Hawkins, pp. 1-7. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Turner, J. R. G. & B. A. Hawkins. 2004. The global diversity gradient. In: Frontiers of Biogeography: New Directions in the Geography of Nature, ed. M. V. Lomolino and L. R. Hearny, pp. 171-190. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.

Hawkins, B. A. & J. A. F. Diniz-Filho. 2008. Macroecology. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK. http://www.els.net/

Hawkins, B. A. 2013. Biodiversity gradients. In: Geography, ed. E. B. Warf. Oxford Bibliographies (http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/), Oxford University Press, NY.

Articles:

Gordh, G. & B. Hawkins. 1981. Goniozus emigratus (Rowher), a primary external parasite of Paramyelois transitella (Walker), and comments on bethylids attacking Lepidoptera (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 54:787-803.

Hawkins, B. A. & E. A. Cross. 1982. Patterns of refaunation of reclaimed strip-mine spoils by non-terricolous arthropods. Environmental Entomology 11:762-775.

Hawkins, B. A. & R. D. Goeden. 1982. Biology of a gall-forming Tetrastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall midges on saltbush in southern California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 75:444-447.

Gordh, G. & B. A. Hawkins. 1982. Tetrastichus cecidobroter (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a new phytophagous species developing in the galls of Asphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) in southern California. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 84:426-429.

Green, R. F., G. Gordh & B. A. Hawkins. 1982. Precise sex ratios in highly inbred parasitic wasps. American Naturalist 120:653-665.

Gagné, R. J. & B. A. Hawkins. 1983. Biosystematics of the Lasiopterini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae) associated with Atriplex spp. in southern California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76:379-383.

Hawkins, B. A. & R. D. Goeden. 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecological Entomology 9:271-292.

Spencer, K. A. & B. A. Hawkins. 1984. An interesting new gall-forming Ophiomyia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) in southern California. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 86:664-668.

Hawkins, B. A., R. D. Goeden & R. J. Gagné. 1986. Ecology and taxonomy of the Asphondylia spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) forming galls on Atriplex spp. (Chenopodiaceae) in southern California. Entomography 4:55-107.

Hawkins, B. A. & J. W. Smith, Jr. 1986. Rhaconotus roslinensis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a candidate for biological control of stalkboring sugarcane pests (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): development, life tables, and intraspecific competition. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 79:905-911.

Hawkins, B. A. & G. Gordh. 1986. Bibliography of the world literature of the Bethylidae (Hymenoptera: Bethyloidea). Insecta Mundi 1:261-283.

Hawkins, B. A. & J. H. Lawton. 1987. Species richness for parasitoids of British phytophagous insects. Nature 326:788-790.

Hawkins, B. A., H. W. Browning & J. W. Smith, Jr. 1987. Field evaluation of Allorhogas pyralophagus (Hym.: Braconidae), imported for biological control of the stalkborer Eoreuma loftini (Lep.: Pyralidae) in sugarcane. Entomophaga 32:483-491.

Hawkins, B. A. 1988. Species diversity in the third and fourth trophic levels: patterns and mechanisms. Journal of Animal Ecology 57:137-162.

Hawkins, B. A. 1988. Foliar damage, parasitoids and indirect competition: a test using herbivores of birch. Ecological Entomology 13:301-308.

Hawkins, B. A. 1988. Do galls protect endophytic herbivores from parasitoids? A comparison of galling and non-galling Diptera. Ecological Entomology 13:473-477.

Hawkins, B. A. & T. R. Unruh. 1988. Protein and water levels in Asphondylia atriplicis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) galls. Southwestern Naturalist 33:114-117.

Hawkins, B. A. & R. J. Gagné. 1989. Determinants of assemblage size for the parasitoids of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). Oecologia 81:75-88.

Hawkins, B. A. 1990. Global patterns of parasitoid assemblage size. Journal of Animal Ecology 59:57-72.

Hawkins, B. A., R. R. Askew, & M. R. Shaw. 1990. Influences of host feeding-niche and foodplant type on generalist and specialist parasitoids. Ecological Entomology 15:275-280.

Sheehan, W. & B. A. Hawkins. 1991. Attack strategy as an indicator of host range in metopiine and pimpline Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Ecological Entomology 16:129-131.

Hawkins, B. A. 1992. Parasitoid-host food webs and donor control. Oikos 65:159-162.

Hawkins, B. A. & S. G. Compton. 1992. African fig wasp communities: undersaturation and latitudinal gradients in species richness. Journal of Animal Ecology 61:361-372.

Hawkins, B. A. & P. Gross. 1992. Species richness and population limitation in insect parasitoid-host systems. American Naturalist 139:417-423.

Hawkins, B. A., M. R. Shaw & R. R. Askew. 1992. Relationships among species richness, host specialization, and climatic variability in North American parasitoid communities. American Naturalist 139:58-79.

Compton, S. G. & B. A. Hawkins. 1992. Determinants of species richness in southern African fig wasp assemblages. Oecologia 91:68-74.

Hochberg, M. E. & B. A. Hawkins. 1992. Refuges as a predictor of parasitoid diversity. Science 255:973-976.

Hawkins, B. A. 1993. Parasitoid species richness, host mortality, and biological control. American Naturalist 141:634-641.

Hawkins, B. A., M. B. Thomas & M. E. Hochberg. 1993. Refuge theory and biological control. Science 262:1429-1432.

Cornell, H. V. & B. A. Hawkins. 1993. Accumulation of native parasitoid species on introduced herbivores: a comparison of "hosts-as-natives" and "hosts-as-invaders". American Naturalist 141:847-865.

Hochberg, M. E. & B. A. Hawkins. 1993. Predicting parasitoid diversity. American Naturalist 142:671-693.

Naeem, S. & B. A. Hawkins. 1994. Minimal community structure: how parasitoids divide resources. Ecology 75:79-85.

Hawkins, B. A., M. E. Hochberg & M. B. Thomas. 1994. Biological control and refuge theory—Reply. Science 265:812-813.

Hawkins, B. A. & H. V. Cornell. 1994. Maximum parasitism rates and successful biological control. Science 266:1886.

Dawah, H. A., B. A. Hawkins & M. F. Claridge. 1995. Structure of the parasitoid communities of grass-feeding chalcid wasps. Journal of Animal Ecology 64:708-720.

Cornell, H. V. & B. A. Hawkins. 1995. Survival patterns and mortality sources of herbivorous insects: some demographic trends. American Naturalist 145:563-593.

Hawkins, B. A. & J. H. Lawton. 1995. Latitudinal gradients in butterfly body sizes: is there a general pattern? Oecologia 102:31-36.

Hawkins, B. A. 1995. Latitudinal body-size gradients for the bees of the eastern United States. Ecological Entomology 20:195-198.

Jervis, M .A., B. A. Hawkins & N. A. C. Kidd. 1996. The usefulness of destructive host-feeding parasitoids in classical biological control: theory and data conflict. Ecological Entomology 21:41-46.

Hawkins, B. A. & N. J. Mills. 1996. Variability in parasitoid community structure. Journal of Animal Ecology 65:501-516.

Hawkins, B. A. & P. J. DeVries. 1996. Altitudinal gradients in the body sizes of Costa Rican Butterflies. Acta Oecologia 17:185-194.

Hawkins, B. A., H. V. Cornell & M. E. Hochberg. 1997. Predators, parasitoids and pathogens as mortality agents in phytophagous insect populations. Ecology 78:2145-2152.

Hawkins, B. A., N. D. Martinez & F. Gilbert. 1997. Source food webs as estimators of community web structure. Acta Oecologia 18:575-586.

Hawkins, B. A. & P. C. Marino. 1997. The colonization of native phytophagous insects in North America by exotic parasitoids. Oecologia 112:566-571.

Cornell, H. V., B. A. Hawkins & M. E. Hochberg. 1998. Towards an empirically- based theory of herbivore demography. Ecological Entomology 23:340-349.

Hawkins, B. A. & M. Holyoak. 1998. Transcontinental crashes of insect populations? American Naturalist 152:480-484.

Porter, E. E. & B. A. Hawkins. 1998. Patterns of diversity for aphidiine (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid assemblages on aphids (Homoptera). Oecologia 116:234-242.

Martinez, N. D., B. A. Hawkins, H. A. Dawah & B. P. Feirarek. 1999. Effects of sampling effort on characterization of food-web structure. Ecology 80:1044-1055.

Hawkins, B. A., N. J. Mills, M. A. Jervis & P. W. Price. 1999. Is the biological control of insects a natural phenomenon? Oikos 86:493-506.

Rodriguez, M. A. & B. A. Hawkins. 2000. Diversity, function and stability in parasitoid communities. Ecology Letters 3:35-40.

Hawkins, B. A. & A. A. Berryman. 2000. Site-dependent regulation of population size: comment. Ecology 81:1166-1168.

Sanver, D. & B. A. Hawkins. 2000. Galls as habitats: the inquiline communities of insect galls. Basic & Applied Ecology 1:3-11.

Porter, E. E. & B. A. Hawkins. 2001. Latitudinal gradients in colony size for social insects: termites and ants show different patterns. American Naturalist 157:97-106.

Tscharntke, T., S. Vidal & B. A. Hawkins. 2001. Parasitoids of grass-feeding chalcid wasps – a comparison of German and British communities. Oecologia 129:445-451.

Hawkins, B. A. & E. E. Porter. 2001. Area and the latitudinal diversity gradient for terrestrial birds. Ecology Letters 4:595-601.

Koopowitz, H., B. A. Hawkins, H. van der Hoven, D. Donnison-Morgan & M. Howe. 2001. Comparisons between the reproductive fitness of two species of Narcissus L. (Amaryllidaceae) from southern Spain. Herbertia 56:67-76.

Hawkins, B. A. & J. A. F. Diniz-Filho. 2002. The mid-domain effect cannot explain the diversity gradient of Nearctic birds. Global Ecology and Biogeography 11:419-426.

Berryman, A. A., M. Lima Arce & B. A. Hawkins. 2002. Population regulation, emergent properties, and a requiem for density dependence. Oikos 99:600-606.

Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., L. M. Bini & B. A. Hawkins. 2003. Spatial autocorrelation and red herrings in geographical ecology. Global Ecology and Biogeography 12:53-64.

Hawkins, B. A. & E. E. Porter. 2003. Does herbivore diversity depend on plant diversity?: The case of California butterflies. American Naturalist 161:40-49.

Porter, E. E. & B. A. Hawkins. 2003. The influence of varying spatial heterogeneity on the refuge model for coexistence of specialist parasitoid assemblages. Oikos 100: 232-240.

Porter, E. E. & B. A. Hawkins. 2003. Coexistence of specialist parasitoids with host refuges in the laboratory and the dynamics of spatial heterogeneity in attack rate. Oikos 100: 241-250.

Cornell, H. V. & B. A. Hawkins. 2003. Patterns of herbivorous insect response to plant secondary compounds: a test of phytochemical coevolution theory. American Naturalist 161:507-522.

Hawkins, B. A., E. E. Porter & J. A. F. Diniz-Filho. 2003. Productivity and history as predictors of the latitudinal diversity gradient of terrestrial birds. Ecology 84:1608-1623.

Montoya, J. M., M. A. Rodríguez & B. A. Hawkins. 2003. Food web complexity and higher-level ecosystem services. Ecology Letters 6:587-593.

Hawkins, B. A. & E. E. Porter. 2003. Relative influences of current and historical factors on mammal and bird diversity patterns in deglaciated North America. Global Ecology and Biogeography 12:475-481.

Hawkins, B. A., R. Field, H. V. Cornell, D. J. Currie, J.-F. Guégan, D. M. Kaufman, J. T. Kerr, G. G. Mittelbach, T. Oberdorff, E. M. O’Brien, E. E. Porter and J. R. G. Turner. 2003. Energy, water, and broad-scale geographic patterns of species richness. Ecology 84:3105-3117.

Hawkins, B. A. & E. E. Porter. 2003. Water-energy balance and the geographical pattern of species richness of western Palearctic butterflies. Ecological Entomology 28:678-686.

Hawkins, B. A. 2004. Are we making progress toward understanding the global diversity gradient? Basic & Applied Ecology 5:1-3.

Hawkins, B. A. & J. A. F. Diniz-Filho. 2004. ‘Latitude’ and geographic patterns in species richness. Ecography 27:268-272.

Hawkins, B. A. 2004. Summer vegetation, deglaciation, and the anomalous bird diversity gradient in eastern North America. Global Ecology and Biogeography 13:321-325.

Luna, M. G. & B. A. Hawkins. 2004. Effects of inbreeding versus outbreeding in Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). Environmental Entomology 33:765-775.

Hawkins, B. A. & J. G. Pausas. 2004. Does plant richness influence animal richness?: the mammals of Catalonia (NE Spain). Diversity & Distributions 10:247-252.

Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., T. F. L. V. B. Rangel & B. A. Hawkins. 2004. A test of multiple hypotheses for the species richness gradient of South American owls. Oecologia 140:633-638.

Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., L. M. Bini & B. A. Hawkins. 2004. Macroecological explanations for differences in species richness gradients: a canonical analysis of South American birds. Journal of Biogeography 31:1819-1827.

Blackburn, T. M. & B. A. Hawkins. 2004. Bergmann’s rule and the mammal fauna of northern North America. Ecography 27:715-724.

Currie, D. J., G. G. Mittelbach, H. V. Cornell, R. Field, J.-F. Guégan, B. A. Hawkins, D. M. Kaufman, J. T. Kerr, T. Oberdorff, E. O’Brien and J. R. G. Turner. 2004. Predictions and tests of climate-based hypotheses of broad-scale variation in taxonomic richness. Ecology Letters 7:1121-1134.

Hawkins, B. A., J. A. F. Diniz-Filho & S. A. Soeller. 2005. Water links the historical and contemporary components of the Australian bird diversity gradient. Journal of Biogeography 32:1035-1042.

Hawkins, B. A., J. A. F. Diniz-Filho & A. E. Weis. 2005. The mid-domain effect and diversity gradients: is there anything to learn? American Naturalist 166:E140-E143.

Rodríguez, M. Á., J. A. Belmontes & B. A. Hawkins. 2005. Energy, plant productivity and large-scale patterns of reptile and amphibian species richness in Europe. Acta Oecologia 28:65-70.

Gross, P., B. A. Hawkins, H. V. Cornell & B. Hosmane. 2005. Focusing on targets: an alternative approach to the problem of predicting outcomes in classical biological control of insect pests. Basic & Applied Ecology 6:571-584.

Rodríguez, M. Á., I. L. López-Sañudo & B. A. Hawkins. 2006. The geographic distribution of mammal body size in Europe. Global Ecology and Biogeography 15:173-181.

Hawkins, B. A., J. A. F. Diniz-Filho, C. A. Jaramillo & S. A. Soeller. 2006. Post-Eocene climate change, niche conservatism, and the latitudinal diversity gradient of New World birds. Journal of Biogeography 33:770-780.

Olalla-Tárraga, M. Á., M. Á. Rodríguez & B. A. Hawkins. 2006. Broad-scale body size patterns in squamate reptiles of Europe and North America. Journal of Biogeography 33:781-793.

Ruggiero, A. & B. A. Hawkins. 2006. Mapping macroecology. Global Ecology and Biogeography 15:433-437.

Hawkins, B. A. & J. A. F. Diniz-Filho. 2006. Beyond Rapoport’s rule: evaluating range size patterns of New World birds in a two-dimensional framework. Global Ecology and Biogeography 15:461-469.

Marino, P., D. A. Landis & B. A. Hawkins. 2006. Conserving parasitoid assemblages of North American pest Lepidoptera: what alternate host food plant relationships tell us about agricultural landscapes. Biological Control 37:173-185.

Berryman, A. A. & B. A. Hawkins. 2006. The refuge as an integrating concept in ecology and evolution. Oikos 115:192-196.

Hawkins, B. A., D. Montoya, M. Á. Rodriguez, M. Á. Olalla-Tárraga & M. Á. Zavala. 2007. Global models for predicting woody plant richness from climate: comment. Ecology 88:255-259.

Diniz,-Filho, J. A. F., T. F. L. V. B. Rangel, L. M. Bini & B. A. Hawkins. 2007. Macroevolutionary dynamics of species in environmental space and the latitudinal diversity gradient in New World birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274:43-52.

Hawkins, B. A., J. A. F. Diniz-Filho, C. A. Jaramillo & S. A. Soeller. 2007. Climate, niche conservatism, and the global bird diversity gradient. American Naturalist 170:S16-S27.

Montoya, D., M. Á. Rodríguez, M. Á. Zavala & B. A. Hawkins. 2007. Glacial dynamics and contemporary richness patterns of Holarctic trees. Ecography 30:173-182.

Hawkins, B. A. F. S. Albuquerque, M. B. Araújo, J. Beck, L. M. Bini, F. J. Cabrero-Sañudo, I. Castro-Parga, J. A. F. Diniz-Filho, D. Ferrer-Castán, R. Field, J. F. Gómez, J. Hortal, J. T. Kerr, I. J. Kitching, J. L. León-Cortés, J. M. Lobo, D. Montoya, J. C. Moreno, M. Á. Olalla-Tárraga, J. G. Pausas, H. Qian, C. Rahbek, M. Á. Rodríguez, N. J. Sanders & P. Williams. 2007. A global evaluation of metabolic theory as an explanation for terrestrial species richness gradients. Ecology 88:1877-1888.

Hawkins, B. A., J. A. F. Diniz-Filho, L. M. Bini, M. B. Araújo, R. Field, J. Hortal, J. T. Kerr, C. Rahbek, M. A. Rodríguez & N. J. Sanders. 2007. Metabolic theory and diversity gradients: where do we go from here? Ecology 88:1898-1902.

Hawkins, B. A., J. A. F. Diniz-Filho, L. M. Bini, P. De Marco & T. M. Blackburn. 2007. Red herrings revisited: spatial autocorrelation and parameter estimation in geographical ecology. Ecography 30:375-384.

Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., L. M. Bini, M. Á. Rodríguez, T. F. L. V. B. Rangel & B. A. Hawkins. 2007. Seeing the forest for the trees: partitioning ecological and phylogenetic components of Bergmann’s rule in European Carnivora. Ecography 30:598-608.

LaSorte, F. A. & B. A. Hawkins. 2007. Range maps and species richness patterns: errors of commission and estimates of uncertainty. Ecography 30:649-662.

Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., B. A. Hawkins, L. M. Bini, P. DeMarco & T. M. Blackburn. 2007. Are spatial regression methods a panacea or a pandora’s box? Ecography 30:848-851.

Hawkins, B. A. 2008. Perspectives in biogeography: Recent progress toward understanding the global diversity gradient. IBS Newsletter 6:5-7.

Keil, P., I. Simova & B. A. Hawkins. 2008. Water-energy and the geographical species richness pattern of European and North African dragonflies. Insect Conservation and Diversity 1:142-150.

Leather, S. R., Y. Basset & B. A. Hawkins. 2008. Editorial: Insect Conservation & Diversity – a new journal for the Entomological Society. Insect Conservation & Diversity 1:1.

Leather, S. R., Y. Basset & B. A. Hawkins. 2008. Insect conservation: finding the way forward. Insect Conservation & Diversity 1:67-69.

Ramirez, L., J. A. F. Diniz-Filho & B. A. Hawkins. 2008. Partitioning phylogenetic and adaptive components of the geographic body size pattern of New World birds. Global Ecology & Biogeography 17:100-110.

Rodríguez, M. Á., M. Á. Olalla-Tárraga & B. A. Hawkins. 2008. Bergmann’s rule and the geography of mammal body size in the Western Hemisphere. Global Ecology & Biogeography 17:274-283.

Ruggiero, A. & B. A. Hawkins. 2008. Why do mountains support so many species of birds? Ecography 31:306-315.

Hawkins, B. A., M. Rueda & M. Á. Rodriguez. 2008. What do range maps and surveys tell us about diversity patterns? Folia Geobotanica 43:345-355.

Field, R., B. A. Hawkins, H. V. Cornell, D. J. Currie, J. A. F. Diniz-Filho, J.-F. Guégan, D. M. Kaufman, J. T. Kerr, G. G. Mittelbach, T. Oberdorff, E. M. O’Brien & J. R. Turner. 2009. Explaining spatial diversity gradients across scales: a meta-analysis. Journal of Biogeography 36:132-147.

Basset, Y., B. A. Hawkins & S. R. Leather. 2009. Editorial: Visions for Insect Conservation & Diversity: spanning the gap between practice and theory. Insect Conservation & Diversity 2:1-4.

Bini, L. M., J. A. F. Diniz-Filho, T. F. L. V. B. Rangel, T. S. B. Akre, R. G. Albaladejo, F. S. Albuquerque, A. Aparicio, M. B. Araújo, A. Baselga, J. Beck, M. I. Bellocq, K. Böhning-Gaese, P. A. V. Borges, I. Castro-Parga, V. K. Chey, S. L. Chown, P. de Marco, Jr., D. S. Dobkin, D. Ferrer-Castán, R. Field, J. Filloy, E. Fleishman, J. F. Gómez, J. Hortal, J. B. Iverson, J. T. Kerr, W. D. Kissling, I. J. Kitching, J. L. León-Cortés, J. M. Lobo, D. Montoya, I. Morales-Castilla, J. C. Moreno, T. Oberdorff, M. Á. Olalla-Tárraga, J. G. Pausas, H. Qian, C. Rahbek, M. Á. Rodríguez, M. Rueda, A. Ruggiero, P. Sackmann, N. J. Sanders, L. C. Terribile, O. R. Vetaas & B. A. Hawkins. 2009. Coefficient shifts in geographical ecology: an empirical evaluation of spatial and non-spatial regression. Ecography 32:193-204.

Hawkins, B. A. & P. J. DeVries. 2009. Tropical niche conservatism and the species richness gradient of North American butterflies. Journal of Biogeography 36:1698-1711.

Kiel, P. & B. A. Hawkins. 2009. Grids versus regional species lists: are broad-scale patterns of species richness robust to the violation of constant grain size? Biodiversity and Conservation 18:3127-3137.

Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., M. Á. Rodríguez, L. M. Bini, M. Á. Olalla-Tárraga, M. Cardillo, J. C. Nabout, J. Hortal & B. A. Hawkins. 2009. Climate history, human impacts and global body size of Carnivora (Mammalia: Eutheria) at multiple evolutionary scales. Journal of Biogeography 36:2222-2236.

Hawkins, B. A. 2010. Multiregional comparison of the ecological and phylogenetic structure of butterfly species richness gradients. Journal of Biogeography 37:647-656.

Buckley, L. B., T. J. Davies, D. D. Ackerly, N. J. B. Kraft, S. P. Harrison, B. L. Anacker, H. V. Cornell, E. I. Damschen, J.-A. Grytnes, B. A. Hawkins, C. M. McCain, P. R. Stephens & J. J. Wiens. 2010. Phylogeny, niche conservatism, and the latitudinal diversity gradient in mammals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277:2131-2138.

Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., P. De Marco Jr. & B. A. Hawkins. 2010. Defying the curse of ignorance: perspectives in insect macroecology and conservation biogeography. Insect Conservation & Diversity 3:172-179.

Wiens, J. J., D. D. Ackerly, A. P. Allen, B. L. Anacker, L. B. Buckley, H. V. Cornell, E. I. Damschen, T. J. Davies, J.-A. Grytnes, S. P. Harrison, B. A. Hawkins, R. D. Holt, C. M. McCain, & P. R. Stephens. 2010. Niche conservatism as an emerging principle in ecology and conservation biology. Ecology Letters 13:1310-1324.

Rueda, M., M. Á. Rodríguez & B. A. Hawkins. 2010. Towards a biogeographic regionalization of the European biota. Journal of Biogeography 37:2067-2076.

Hawkins, B. A., M. Á. Rodríguez & S. G. Weller. 2011. Global angiosperm family richness revisited: linking ecology and evolution to climate. Journal of Biogeography 38:1253-1266.

Vasconcelos, T. da S., M. Á. Rodríguez & B. A. Hawkins. 2011. Biogeographic distribution patterns of South American amphibians: a regionalization based on cluster analysis. Natureza & Conservação 9:67-72.

Hortal, J., J. A. F. Diniz-Filho, L. M. Bini, M. Á. Rodríguez, A. Baselga, D. Nogués-Bravo, T. F. Rangel, B. A. Hawkins & J. M. Lobo. 2011. Ice age climate, evolutionary constraints and diversity patterns of European dung beetles. Ecology Letters 14:741-748.

Morales-Castilla, I., M. Á. Olalla-Tárraga, L. M. Bini, P. De Marco Jr, B. A. Hawkins & M. Á. Rodríguez. 2011. Niche conservatism and species richness patterns of squamate reptiles in eastern and southern Africa. Austral Ecology 36:550-558.

Löwenberg-Neto, P. C., J. B. de Carvalho & B. A. Hawkins. 2011. Tropical niche conservatism as a historical narrative hypothesis for the Neotropics: a case study using the fly family Muscidae. Journal of Biogeography 38:1936-1947.

Albuquergue, F. S., P. Castro-Díez, M. Rueda, B. A. Hawkins & M. Á. Rodríguez. 2011. Relationships of climate, residence time and biogeographical origin with the range sizes and species richness patterns of exotic plants. Plant Ecology 212:1901-1911.

Hawkins, B. A. 2012. Eight (and a half) deadly sins of spatial analysis. Journal of Biogeography 39:1-9.

Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., L. M. Bini, T. F. Rangel, I. Morales-Castilla, M. Olalla-Tárraga, M. Á. Rodríguez & B. A. Hawkins. 2012. On the selection of phylogenetic eigenvectors for ecological analyses. Ecography 35:239-249.

Vasconcelos, T. da S., M. Á. Rodríguez & B. A. Hawkins. 2012. Species distribution modelling as a macroecological tool: a case study using New World amphibians. Ecography 35:539-548.

Hawkins, B. A., C. M. McCain, T. J. Davies, L. B. Buckely, B. Anacker, H. V. Cornell, E. Il. Damschen, J.-A. Grytnes, S. Harrison, R. D. Holt, N. J. B. Kraft & P. R. Stephens. 2012. Different evolutionary histories underlie congruent species richness gradients of birds and mammals. Journal of Biogeography 39:825-841.

Hawkins, B. A. 2012. Are multiple regression models of spatially structured data to be trusted? Journal of Biogeography 39:998.

Koopowitz, H, & B. A. Hawkins. 2012. Global climate change is confounding species conservation strategies: orchids as a case study. Integrative Zoology 7:158-164.

Morales-Castilla, I., M. Á. Olalla-Tárraga, A. Purvis, B. A. Hawkins & M. Á. Rodríguez. 2012. The imprint of Cenozoic migrations and evolutionary history on the biogeographic gradient of body size in New World mammals. The American Naturalist 180:246-256.

Morales-Castilla, M. Á. Rodríguez and B. A. Hawkins. 2012. Deep phylogeny, net primary productivity, and global body size gradient in birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 106:880-892.

Huang X.-L., B. A. Hawkins , F.-M. Lei, G. L. Miller, C. Favret, R.-L. Zhang, & G.-X. Qiao. 2012. Willing or unwilling to share primary biodiversity data: results and implications of an international survey. Conservation Letters 5:399-406.

Huang, X.-L., B. A. Hawkins & G.-X. Qiao. 2013. Biodiversity data sharing: will peer-reviewed data papers work? Bioscience 63:5-6.

Segovia, R. A., L. F. Hinojosa, M. F. Pérez & B. A. Hawkins. 2013. Biogeographic anomolies in the species richness of Chilean forests: incorporating evolution into a climatic-historic scenario. Austral Ecology 38:905-914.

Rueda, M., B. A. Hawkins, I. Morales-Castilla, R. M. Vidanes, M. Ferrero & M. Á. Rodríguez. 2013. Does fragmentation increase extinction thresholds? A western European-wide test with seven forest birds. Global Ecology and Biogeography 22:1282-1292.

Morales-Castilla, I., M. Á. Rodríguez, R. Kaur & B. A. Hawkins. 2013. Range size patterns of New World oscine passerines (Aves): insights from diffrences among migratory and sedentary clades. Journal of Biogeography 40:2261-2273.

Hawkins, B. A., M. Rueda, T. F. Rangel, R. Field & J. A. F. Diniz-Filho. 2013. Community phylogenetics at the biogeographic scale: cold tolerance, niche conservatism and the structure of North American forests. Journal of Biogeography 41:23-38.

Whittaker, R. J., B. R. Riddle, B. A. Hawkins & R. J. Ladle. 2013. Editorial: The geographical distribution of life and the problem of regionalization: 100 years after Alfred Russel Wallace. Journal of Biogeography 40:2209-2214.

Hawkins, B. A. 2013. Biodiversity gradients. In: Geography, ed. E. B. Warf. Oxford Bibliographies (http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/), Oxford University Press, NY

Treseder, K. K., M. R. Maltz, B. A. Hawkins, N. Fierer, J. E. Stajich & K. L. McGuire. 2014. Evolutionary histories of soil fungi are reflected in their large-scale biogeography. Ecology Letters 17:1086-1093.

Godoy, O., M. Rueda & B. A. Hawkins. 2015. Functional determinants of forest recruitment over broad scales. Global Ecology and Biogeography 24:192-202.

Dobson, L., F. A. LaSorte, L. Manne & B. A. Hawkins. 2015. The diversity and abundance of North American bird assemblages fail to track changing productivity. Ecology 96:1105-1114.
Grants
NSF-National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis “Energy and geographic variation in species richness”, 2000-2002, $41,500 (with Howard V. Cornell).
University Research Expeditions Program (UC), “Pampas parasitoids: Argentina”, 2001, $12,000.
Agencia-Foncyt (Argentina)/British Ecological Society (UK), “Patrones especiales de variacion en la diversidad de insectos en la transición subantárca-patagonica: efectos altitudinales y longitudinales” (Spatial patterns of variation in insect diversity in the subantarctic-Patagonian transition zone: altitudinal and longitudinal effects) (Role: External Investigator, PI: Adriana Ruggiero) , 2004-2006, 200,625$
Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Spain), “Fragmentación del bosque Mediterráneo y diversidad de vertebratos terrestres en España y el sur de Europa (Fragmentation of Mediterranean forest and the diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in Spain and southern Europe)”, 2003-2005, €71,300 (role: External Investigator, PI: Miguel Á. Rodríguez)
Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Spain), National Program for the Mobility of Spanish and Foreign University Professors and Researchers, December, 2004 – March, 2005, €12,100
Consejería de Educacíon, Comunidad de Madrid (Spain), “Predición de los riesgos de extinción de la fauna amenazada de la Comunidad de Madrid debidos a la fragmentación de hábitats y el calentamiento del clima (Predicting extinction risks of the endangered fauna of the Community of Madrid due to habitat fragmentation and climatic warming)”, 2005-2006, €40,050 (role: External Investigator, PI: Miguel Á. Rodríguez)
Fulbright Senior Specialist Grant in Environmental Sciences, 2005, $4,200
Fulbright Senior Specialist Grant in Environmental Sciences, 2006, $4,144
Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spain), “Huella humana y gradientes globales de diversidad de vertebrados terrestres (The human footprint and global diversity gradients of terrestrial vertebrates)”, 2006-2008, €99,200 (role: Co-PI)
Universidad de Alcalá program "Giner de los Ríos" de Profesores e Investigadores Invitados para el curso 2007/2008, October, 2007, €2,230
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, "Fragmentación de bosques en España y Europa y probabilidades de extinción de especies forestales de animals y plantas (Forest fragmentation in Spain and Europe and probabilities of extinction of forest species of plants and animals)”, 2010-2012, €100,000 (role: External Investigator, PI: Miguel Á. Rodríguez). Faculty Desktop Computer Initiative (UCI), 2011, $7793
Last updated
03/08/2016